Concrete


 * Concrete**: manufactured mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of stone and sand.
 * Reinforce concrete**: was developed to add the tensile strenght of steel to the compressive strenght of mass concrete. Invented in 1849 by Joseph Monier.
 * Steel reinforcement**: material that can be joined or bent to unify supporting members with the floors and the coverings they carry.
 * Concrete-shell construction:** permits the erection of vast vaults and domes with a concrete and steel content so reduced that the thickness is comparatively less than that of an eggshell.
 * Precast-concrete construction**: increase waterproofing and solidity, to decrease time and cost in erection, and to reduce expansion and contractions.
 * Prestressed concrete**: provides bearing members into which reinforcement is set under tension to produce a live force to resist a particular load.

The diference between precast concrete, tilt-up construction and tiltwall is that precast concrete walls are formed at a manufacturing facility and need to be transported which places a limitation of how wide or tall each panel can be; tilt-up and tiltwall constructions on the other hand are created by assembling forms and pouring large slabs of concrete called panels directly at the job site. Because of tilt-up constructions are poured outdoors weather becomes a problem, when temperatures drop below freezing, curing the concrete panels becomes more difficult and expensive and the fact that precast concrete walls are formed at a manufacturing facility resolves the weather issue.